George Orwell Research Essay Example For Students

George Orwell Research Essay annonEric Arthur Blair was born in 1903 at Motihari in British-occupied India. While growin up, he attended private schools in Sussex, Wellington andEton. He worked at the Imperial Indian Police untill 1927 when he went toLondon to study the poverty stricken. He then moved to Paris where hewrote two lost novels. After he moved back to England he wrote Down andOut in Paris and London, Burmese Days, A Clergyman’s Daughter and Keep theApidistra Flying. He published all four under the psuedonym GeorgeOrwell. He then married Eileen O’Shaughnessy and wrote The Road to WiganPier. Orwell then joined the Army and fought in the Spanish civil war. He became a socialist revolutionary and wrote Homage to Catalonia, ComingUp for Air, and in 1943, he wrote Animal Farm. It’s success endedOrwell’s financial troubles forever. In 1947 and 48 despite Tuberculosis,he wrote Nineteen Eighty-Four. He died in 1950 (Williams 7-15). Thisessay will show and prove to you that George Orwell’s life has influencedmodern society a great deal. BIOGRAPHYIn 1903, Eric Arthur Blair was born. Living in India until he was four,Blair and his family then moved to England and settled at Henley. At theage of eight, Blair was sent to a private school in Sussex, and he livedthere, except on holidays, until he was thirteen. He went to two privatesecondary schools: Wellington(for one term) and Eton (for four and a halfyears). After Eton, Blair joined the Imperial Indian Police and was trained inBurma. He served there for nearly five years and then in 1927, while homon leave, decided not to return. He later wrote that he had come tounderstand and reject the imperialism he was serving. He wasstruckbetween hatred of the empire and rage against the native peoplewho opposed it, and made his immediate job more difficult. Blair, on hisfirst six months of release, traveled to the East End to research theEnglish poor. In Spring of 1928, he took a room in a working-class district of Paris. He wrote two novels, which have been lost, as well as publishing a numberof articles in French and English. He became ill with pneumonia, workedten weeks as a dishwasher and kitchen porter, and returned to England atthe end of 1929. He used his parents’ home in Suffolk for writing and earned money fromoccasional articles and teaching. Blair then completed several versionsof what was to become his first book, called, not by his choice, Down andOut in Paris and London. The book was a record of his experiences, butâ€Å"If it’s all the same to everybody, I would prefer to be publishedpseudonymously†. Discussing the publication of his first book with his agent, he decidedon three possible pseudonyms: Keneth Miles, George Orwell and H. LewisAllways. He favored George Orwell. The Orwell is a river in Suffolk,south of his parents’ home. â€Å"George Orwell† published his first book in1933. Down and Out was followed by the novel Burmese Days, publishedfirst in the United States rather than in England because of his Englishpublishers fear of it’s giving offence in Burma. After Burmese Days cametwo more novels: A Clergyman’s Daughter, published in 1935; and Keep theApidistra Flying, published in 1936. In the Spring of 1936 he moved to Hertfordshire and married EileenO’Shaughnessy, an Oxford graduate in English, a teacher, a journalist, andlater a London graduate in psychology. Orwell’s reputation at this timewas based mainly on his accounts of poverty and depression. His nextbook, The Road to Wigan Pier was written for the Left Book Club andstarted his career as a political writer. Much of this book was composedof an essay on class and socialism, which was Orwell’s first statement ofhis political possition. In July, he left for Spain to fight (and write) in the Spanish civil war. For the next two or three years, Orwell became a revolutionary socialist. When he returned from war , he wrote Homage to Catalonia and in the winterof 1938, wrote Coming Up for Air. In 1941 he wrote London Letter’s and inAugust joined the BBC as a talks producer in the Indian Section of theEastern Service. Later in the year, he began writing Animal Farm. It didnot appear until August 1945, at the end of the war. The Character of Shylock in The Merchant of Venice EssayCyril Connoly, for the New Statesman and Nation, writes, â€Å"The book is therecital of misfortunes interrupted by tirades against money andthe spiritual evil it causes†. An unsigned notice in the TImes LiterarySupplement states, â€Å"If this book is persistently irritating, this isexactly what makes it worth reading; few books have enough body in them tobe irratants† (Meyers 65-90)Walter Greenwood writes about The Road to Wigan Pier, â€Å"Mr. Orwell has thegift of writing vividly, of creating in the mind’s eye a picture of thescene described.† â€Å"Of Mr. Orwell’s book, there is little to say exceptpraise,† comments Arthur Calder-Marshall. â€Å"It takes an ugly section ofBritish life, and it forces us to confront it for what it is,† writes H.J. Laski (Meyers 91-118)â€Å"Homage to Catalonia is a book which is at the same time a work offirst-class literature and a political document of the greatestimportance,† reports Geoffrey Gorer. John McNair for the New Leader,writes, â€Å"There have been many books written on the Spanish civil war, butnone containing so many living, first-hand experiences as this† (Meyers119-151)â€Å"Mr. Orwell writes with hard, honest clarity and unanswering precision offeeling,† states of Coming Up for Air, an unsigned notice in the TimesLiterary Supplement. John Cogley for the Commonweal, writes, â€Å"GeorgeOrwell, a hard man, is frankly sentimental about the world he knew as aboy†. â€Å"Coming Up for Air, written in 1938, reverts to the journalisticstylo of ease and understatement, the disquietude of Burmese Days workedout of it (Meyers 152-190). â€Å"..it is aa devestating attack on Stalin and his ‘betrayal’ of theRussian revolution, as seen by another revolutionary,† writes CyrilConnoly on Animal Farm. â€Å"The staory is very well-written, especially theSnowball episode#, which suggests that that the communist ‘Trotskyite’ isa conception on much the same plane as the nazi ‘jew’,†writes NorthrupFrye for the Canadian Forum. Isaac Rosenfield for the Nation, writes,â€Å"George Orwell, to judge by his writing, is a man, not withoutimagination, who is never swept away by his imagination.†Of Nineteen Eighty-Four, Fredric Warburg comments, â€Å"This is amongst themost terrifying books I have ever read†. â€Å"Mr. Orwell’s latest book,Nineteen Eighty-Four, can be approached either as a political argument oras an indictment of materialism cast in fictional foprm,† writes HaroldNicolson. â€Å"Mr. Orwell is in every way similar to Huxley, especially inhis contempt for people, in his aim of slandering man,† reports IsaacAnisimov for the Pravda. CONCLUSIONAs you can see, George Orwell is one of the most beloved and respectedauthors in history. His works speak out against money, hypocrisy, povertyand injustice. His style has influenced many modern authors and will,most definetly, influence many more authors to come. WORKS CITEDCalder, Jenni. Animal Farm Nineteen Eighty-Four. Philadelphia:Milton Keynes, 1986. Meyers, Jeffery. George Orwell: The Critical Hertige. Boston:Routledge Kegan Paul, 1975. Orwell, George. Animal Farm. Orlando: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich,Inc., 1982Williams, Raymond. Orwell. London: Raymond Williams, 1991. Wykes, David. A Preface to Orwell. New York: Longman, Inc., 1987.

What America Means To Me Essays - Music Industry, Childrens Art

What America Means To Me What America Means To Me To me, America is like a box of crayons. If we do not use them all, the picture is not complete. In case one of those crayons becomes worn down--just sharpen it. There have been problems that we faced with where our country has worn. However, we have always bounced back and not only sharpened our crayon, but sharpened our image as well. We conquered such problems as the Great Depression, segregation, the Revolutionary War, and slavery. These are examples of problems that some countries still cannot defeat. There are also problems happening right now that are wearing us down as a country Such things as our national debt, social security, and politicians and their scandals. We are nevertheless, looking for ways to solve these problems. There are three essential colors that should be included in the picture. They are red, white, and blue. To me, they represent three things we take for granted every day. They are freedom, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. They are three essential things in American life that attract people to our country, that make our picture stand out among the rest. That is why America is like a box of crayons. America is about diversity and color. Without it, we would be like every other nation. Creative Writing

Silence essays

Silence essays The novel Silence, written by Shasaku Endo, describes the migration of Christianity into Japan during the 17th century. This movement of a new religion into a foreign country was not very pleasant. Christians were given the option to apostatize or to be put to death by execution or extreme torture. Missionaries were sent out to spread the word of Christ no matter the consequences. The Church at this time was worried about Christianity dying down in Japan so Father Rodrigues and Garrpe made a pilgrimage there. This represents the extent the Church will go to instill its values all around the world. The attempt to westernize Japan was a battle that was to fierce for anyone to over come. Both Christians and the Japanese officials were too bold hearted with supporting what they believe is right. Innocent lives were taken and yet some still would not apostatize because of their dedication to the new religion. The Japanese had strong tradition of believing in Buddhism. This meant that becoming a Christian would be viewed disrespectful to the Japanese officials. The priests had to be secretive with their message of the Lord due to the brutal consequences. They struggled to find their brothers of religion wherever they traveled. Soon the officials heard word of the traveling priests and the samurai ransacked the village. They used three villagers as bait to have the priests come forward. The villagers were killed by the samurai and the priests could not step forward. Eventually, Father Rodrigues is captured and is tortured to the point of exhaustion. Then he is threatened by the samurai that if he does not apostatize, then other prisoners will be killed on his account once again. This time it was a test too great for his faith and was forced to stomp on a picture of the Lord. This symbolized that although a Christian he will have to adapt by keeping his faith to himself. Crea ...

Robert the Bruce Biography

Robert the Bruce Biography Robert the Bruce (July 11, 1274–June 7, 1329) was king of Scotland for the last two decades of his life. An ardent proponent of Scottish independence and a contemporary of William Wallace, Robert remains one of Scotlands most beloved national heroes. Early Years and Family Born into an Anglo-Norman family, Robert was no stranger to royalty. His father, Robert de Brus, was the 6th Lord of Annandale and a great-great-grandson of King David mac Mail Choluim, or David I of Scotland. His mother, Marjorie, was the Countess of Carrick, descended from the Irish King Brian Boru. His sister Isabel became the Queen of Norway by marrying King Eric II, long before Robert ascended to the Scottish throne. Robert’s grandfather, also named Robert, was the 5th Earl of Annandale. In the autumn of 1290, Margaret, the Maid of Norway, who was the seven-year-old heiress to the Scottish throne, died at sea. Her death set off a whirlwind of disputes regarding who should succeed to the throne, and the 5th Earl of Annandale (Roberts grandfather) was one of the claimants. Robert V, with the aid of his son Robert VI, captured a number of strongholds in the southwest of Scotland during the period between 1290 – 1292. Naturally, young Robert supported his grandfather’s claim to the throne, but ultimately, the role of king was given to John Balliol. Corbis via Getty Images / Getty Images Association With William Wallace King Edward I of England was known as the Hammer of the Scots, and worked diligently during his reign to turn Scotland into a feudal tributary state. Naturally, this did not sit well with the Scots, and soon Edward found himself having to deal with uprisings and rebellions. William Wallace led a revolt against Edward, and Robert joined in, believing that Scotland needed to remain independent of England. The Battle of Stirling Bridge, in September 1297, was a devastating blow for the English. Shortly afterwards, Bruce family lands were sacked by Edwards troops in retaliation for the familys role in the rebellion. In 1298, Robert succeeded Wallace as one of the Guardians of Scotland. He served alongside John Comyn, who would become his chief rival for the country’s throne. Robert resigned his seat after just two years, when the conflicts with Comyn escalated. In addition, there were rumors that John Balliol would be restored as king despite his abdication in 1296. Instead, Scotland functioned without a monarch, and under the guidance of the countrys Guardians, until 1306, one year after Wallace was captured, tortured, and executed. Rise to the Throne In early 1306, two very important events took place that would shape the future of Scotland. In February, matters came to a head between John Comyn and Robert. During an argument, Robert stabbed Comyn at a church in Dumfries, killing him. When word of Comyn’s death reached King Edward, he was livid; Comyn had been distantly related to the king, and Edward saw this as a deliberate plot to stir up dissent. Comyn’s son, John IV, was immediately whisked off to England for his own safety, and put into the care of a nobleman who was raising Edward’s own children. John Comyn was stabbed by Robert the Bruce in 1306. Print Collector / Getty Images Just a few weeks later, at the beginning of March, Robert’s father, the 6th Earl of Annandale, died. With his father now dead, and Comyn also out of the way, Robert was the chief claimant to the Scottish throne. He moved rapidly to take power. Robert was crowned king on March 25, but an attack by Edward’s army pushed him out of the country. For a year, Robert hid out in Ireland, raising a loyal army of his own, and in 1307 he returned to Scotland. In addition to battling Edward’s troops, he laid waste to the lands of Scottish nobles who supported the English king’s claim to rule Scotland. In 1309, Robert the Bruce held his first parliament. Bannockburn and Border Raids Over the next few years, Robert continued to fight against the English, and was able to reclaim much of Scotlands land. Perhaps his most famous victory of all took place at Bannockburn in the summer of 1314. That spring, Roberts younger brother Edward had laid siege to Stirling Castle, and King Edward II decided it was time to move up north and take Stirling back. Robert, upon hearing of these plans, rounded up his army and moved into position above the marshy area that surrounded the Bannock Burn (a burn is a creek), intending to stop English troops from reclaiming Stirling. The Scottish army was thoroughly outnumbered, with an estimated five to ten thousand men, compared to an English force of more than twice that size. However, despite the larger numbers, the English were not expecting to encounter any Scottish resistance, so they were caught completely by surprise in the narrow, low-lying area of the marsh, as Roberts spearmen attacked from the wooded hillside. With English archers at the far back of the marching formation, the cavalry was rapidly decimated, and the army retreated. King Edward is said to have barely escaped with his life. Following the victory at Bannockburn, Robert grew bolder in his attacks on England. No longer content to just wait around defending Scotland, he led incursions into the border regions of northern England, as well as into Yorkshire. By 1315, he had attacked English troops in Ireland, at the request of Donall ONeill, the king of Tyrone, one of Gaelic Irelands eastern kingdoms. A year later, Roberts younger brother Edward was crowned as High King of Ireland, temporarily cementing the bond between Ireland and Scotland. Robert attempted for several years to bring about an alliance between the two countries, but eventually it crumbled, as the Irish saw Scottish occupation as no different than English occupation. The Declaration of Arbroath In 1320, Robert decided that diplomacy rather than military force might be a viable method of asserting Scottish independence. The Declaration of Arbroath, which later served as the template for Americas Declaration of Independence, was sent to Pope John XXII. The document outlined all of the reasons that Scotland should be considered an independent nation. In addition to detailing the atrocities committed upon the countrys people by King Edward II, the declaration specifically said that although Robert the Bruce had saved the country from English dominion, the nobility would not hesitate to replace him if he became unfit to rule. One of the results of the declaration was that the Pope lifted Roberts excommunication, which had been in place since he murdered John Comyn in 1306. Some eight years after the Declaration of Arbroath was sealed by more than fifty Scottish nobles and dignitaries, King Edward III, the fourteen-year-old son of Edward II, signed the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton. This treaty declared peace between England and Scotland, and recognized Robert the Bruce as Scotlands lawful king. Statue of Robert the Bruce at Stirling. Jeff J Mitchell / Getty Images Death and Legacy After a two-year-long illness, Robert the Bruce died at the age of fifty-four. Although there has been speculation that his death was caused by leprosy, there is no evidence to indicate that he suffered from the disease. Western University anthropology professor Andrew Nelson studied Roberts skull and foot bone in 2016, and concluded: The anterior nasal spine (the bone support around the nose) in a healthy person is teardrop-shaped; in a person with leprosy, that structure is eroded and almost circular. King Robert’s nasal spine is teardrop-shaped... In a person with leprosy, the end of th[e] metatarsal bone [from the foot] would be pointed, as if inserted into a pencil sharpener. This bone shows no sign of â€Å"pencilling.† After his death, Roberts heart was removed and buried at Melrose Abbey, Roxburghshire. The rest of his body was embalmed and interred at Dunfermline Abbey in Fife, but was not discovered until construction workers found the casket in 1818. Statues in his honor exist in several Scottish cities, including Stirling. Robert the Bruce Fast Facts Full Name:  Robert I, also Robert the Bruce, Roibert a Briuis in medieval Gaelic.Known for:  King of Scotland and a celebrated warrior in the Scottish fight for independence from England.Born:  July 11, 1274 in Ayrshire, Scotland.Died:  June 7, 1329 at Cardross Manor, Dunbartonshire, Scotland.Parents’ Names:  Robert de Brus, the 6th Earl of Annandale, and Marjorie, Countess of Carrick. Sources Letter from Robert the Bruce to Edward II Reveals Power Struggle in the Build Up to Bannockburn. University of Glasgow, 1 June 2013, www.gla.ac.uk/news/archiveofnews/2013/june/headline_279405_en.html.Macdonald, Ken. â€Å"Reconstructed Face of Robert the Bruce Is Unveiled - BBC News.†Ã‚  BBC, BBC, 8 Dec. 2016, www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-38242781.Murray, James. â€Å"Robert the Bruce in Battle: A Battlefield Trail from Methven to Bannockburn.†Ã‚  30 Aug. 2018, www.culture24.org.uk/history-and-heritage/military-history/pre-20th-century-conflict/art487284-Robert-the-Bruce-in-Battle-A-battlefield-trail-from-Methven-to-Bannockburn.Watson, Fiona. â€Å"Great Scot, Its Robert the Bruce!†Ã‚  The History Press, www.thehistorypress.co.uk/articles/great-scot-it-s-robert-the-bruce/.

Wireless Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wireless Technology - Essay Example Wireless technologies are becoming commonplace. Millions of individuals and businesses apply to the benefits of wireless technology, to raise the efficiency and productivity of their decisions. That wireless technology benefits businesses and improves their productivity is undeniable. Unfortunately, not all business owners are willing to accept and deploy effective wireless systems in their organizations. Wireless technologies speed up data transmission and are more secure compared with hardware wired mechanisms. The multitude of wireless technology standards makes it possible to find the best solution for each and every worker. The use of wireless technologies is particularly useful for the complex organizations, which comprise numerous departments and are being dispersed over a large territory: in this case, wireless technologies are the only possible way to improving interconnectedness and sharedness of knowledge and data between all levels of the organization’s performance . The current state of technology provides an extensive list of wireless technologies and standards, which facilitate the choice of the best wireless solution. The use of Wi-Fi, HomeRF and Bluetooth favor the implementation of wireless technologies in business and help businesses to meet their data transmission needs. â€Å"Wi-Fi is the most widely used wireless technology at present. It is an IEEE 802.11b wireless standard and can transmit data up to 11 Mbps† (Wells, 2009, p.81). The use of improved Wi-Fi versions is possible, too: for example, WiFi/g and WiFi5 exemplify a relatively new standard of connectivity and can transmit data at almost 54 Mbps (Wells, 2009). Apparently, there is no need to wait until wireless technologies â€Å"settle down†. They have already become an essential ingredient of daily business routine. Undoubtedly, wireless networks can enhance productivity and efficiency within organizations. This is, actually, one of the

The character Dee walker,alice everyday use Essay

The character Dee walker,alice everyday use - Essay Example She is the successful daughter, â€Å"the child who has made it† (Walker, Para. 3) and carved a place for herself in the outside world. Her style of dress, in striking shades of yellow and orange, ethnic jewelry and hairstyle all deliberately accentuate her African heritage and call out loudly for attention. They constitute her apparently defiant statement of identity. Dee’s use of the Swahili style of greeting, â€Å"Wasuzo-Teano† (Walker, Para. 21), and her adoption of the name, â€Å"Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo† are also meant to reinforce her assertion of her roots. Dee’s veneer of pride in her heritage is like her â€Å"sunglasses which hid everything† (Walker, Para. 82). A deeper study of Dee’s personality reveals that she has actually rejected her roots. â€Å"She had hated† (Walker, Para. 10) her childhood home. Her attitude towards her mother and sister is marked by criticism and condescension. Dee takes pictures of them as if they were curiosities and includes the house and the cow, but not herself. She does not see herself as a part of their world. Her change of name is again a rejection of her lineage. The name Dee, which has passed down to her through generations of her family, is more a genuine part of her heritage than the affected African name she has adopted. Her rejection of her past is irrevocably made by her statement about the old Dee: â€Å"She’s dead† (Walker, Para. 27). Dee covets the churner top and dasher, not as treasured parts of her past life, but as pretentious artistic curios to be flaunted as exotic ornaments. Likewise, her estimation of the quilts, â€Å"they’re priceless!† (Walker, Para. 52) is not based on the value of her love for the grandmother and the aunt who made them, but on their considerable monetary value as antiques, which will make a striking fashion statement. Dee does not know who made the dasher, nor does she know how to quilt. Unlike her sister Maggie, who will use

Civil disobedience Essay Example for Free

Civil disobedience Essay In Ralph Waldo Emerson’s essay â€Å"Self Reliance† and Henry David Thoreau’s essay â€Å"Civil Disobedience,† both transcendentalist thinkers speak about being individual and what reforms and changes need to be made in a conformist society. Thoreau elaborates more on the relationship between individuality and society and to break free from conformity. Meaning to take a stance and influence man to make a social change. Emerson leans more towards nature and the connection to spirituality. He exclaims that for individuality there has to be some sort of understanding of oneself to make an impact – which is the basic nature. He believes that man’s connection to nature is the most valuable source of life because nature is what links man to God, â€Å"the divine providence.† Both authors express the need for individuality in order to possess a strong moral and become whole through their transcendentalist ideals. In Emerson’s â€Å"Self-Reliance,† social responsibility is important. The meaning behind this is that there is a time in man’s life when he will finally realize that he has a purpose, a destiny, and the responsibility to achieve goals as long as there is a tap into spiritual nature. Emerson states, â€Å"The strongest man in the world is he who stands alone,† which references the belief of individualism. Emerson notes that famous men and women are often misunderstood simply because of their opinion, ideas, and thoughts; however, this misunderstanding is why they are so respected. One large point in â€Å"Self Reliance† is that humans should not conform to society but to be independent in mind. Emerson stresses that one should connect with nature to maintain peace of mind and individual mentality. In â€Å"Civil Disobedience,† Thoreau meets a man while serving time in prison who has been locked away for burning down a barn. Even so, Thoreau sees his cellmate as an honest man by simply trusting his own intuition. Furthermore, Thoreau writes, â€Å"The government is best which governs least,† in lines 2-3, which is based on the belief that people should not conform to society but stay independent and embrace their own beliefs, goals, values, and morals. Both â€Å"Self Reliance† and â€Å"Civil Disobedience† are relevant in modern society because they discourage conformity, which is a big problem in the world today. Humans tend to lean with the majority, but should be taught to stand their ground. Both essays also mention the government and the problems involved in it. Since they were written, government has not improved; it may have even worsened. Government is best when it governs least- that perspective should still be applied to today’s government. Now, the government tries to constantly control every aspect in everyone’s life, but like Thoreau states, it should allow its people to decide major issues.